一位 35 歲廣泛性焦慮症患者至門診主訴心悸與害怕失控。護理師正在進行認知行為會談，應優先採取哪項措施協助患者管理當前狀況？
A 35-year-old client with generalized anxiety disorder presents to the clinic reporting palpitations and a fear of losing control. The nurse is facilitating a cognitive-behavioral session. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to help the client manage their current state?
- AAnalyze the past experiences causing this anxiety分析導致此焦慮的過往經驗
- BInstruct the client in deep breathing techniques✓ 正解指導客戶深呼吸技巧
- CEncourage the client to describe the trauma in detail鼓勵客戶詳細描述創傷經歷
- DAdminister a PRN anxiolytic medication給予處方備用抗焦慮藥物
面對焦慮症急性發作或高度焦慮狀態，護理的首要原則是穩定生理反應，呼吸控制是緩解交感神經亢進最快速且有效的非侵入性介入。深呼吸能啟動副交感神經系統，幫助病人恢復對生理狀態的掌控感。藥物（D）通常是輔助手段，若非極度躁動或失控，非藥物介入是首選。分析過去經驗（A）或詳述創傷細節（C）屬於深度心理分析，在急性期反而可能引發病人的防禦機制或造成焦慮加劇，應等到病人穩定後再進行。護理策略需遵循『先穩定生理，再處理心理』的循序漸進原則，避免病人因過度覺察自身焦慮而陷入惡性循環。
When confronting acute episodes of anxiety or high levels of anxious arousal, the first nursing priority is to stabilize the physiological response. Respiratory control is the fastest and most effective non-invasive intervention for calming sympathetic nervous system overactivity. Deep breathing activates the parasympathetic nervous system and helps the client regain a sense of control over physiological symptoms. Medication (D) is typically an adjunctive measure; unless the client is severely agitated or out of control, non-pharmacologic interventions are preferred. Analyzing past experiences (A) or eliciting detailed descriptions of trauma (C) represent deeper psychological exploration that may activate defenses or worsen anxiety during the acute phase and should be deferred until the client is stabilized. Nursing strategy should follow the principle of 'first stabilize the body, then address the mind,' to avoid trapping the client in a vicious cycle of heightened self-awareness of anxiety.
美國護理訓練極度重視非藥物治療策略（如 Breathing exercises, Grounding techniques），在 NCLEX 考題中通常排在藥物之前；台灣健保體系下，護理師常需在短時間內完成衛教，較多情況會傾向先行給藥以緩解病人的身體不適。