— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · MCQ —
一位思覺失調症個案出現負性症狀。下列何種護理觀察支持此評估？
A client with schizophrenia is exhibiting negative symptoms. Which nursing observation supports this assessment?
- ADemonstrating disorganized speech patterns展現混亂的語言模式
- BExperiencing auditory hallucinations經歷聽覺幻覺
- CManifesting paranoid delusions表現出被害妄想
- DDisplaying a flat affect and social withdrawal✓ 正解呈現情感平淡與社交退縮
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
思覺失調症症狀分為正性與負性。正性症狀包括幻覺、妄想、語意散亂；負性症狀則包含情感淡漠、社交退縮、動機缺損、貧語症等。B 為典型的負性症狀，表現為對環境缺乏情緒反應。其他選項皆屬急性期的正性症狀表現。
Schizophrenia symptoms are categorized into positive and negative types. Negative symptoms involve deficits in normal emotional responses and behaviors, such as flat affect and social withdrawal. In contrast, disorganized speech, auditory hallucinations, and paranoid delusions are classified as positive symptoms, which represent excess or distortion of normal functions.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國心理衛生護理對負性症狀的居家照護更強調社區復健，台灣則仍偏向藥物與急性病房的症狀監測。