— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師在社區進行皮膚癌初段預防衛教，下列哪項建議最合適？
A nurse is teaching a community group about primary prevention of skin cancer. Which recommendation should the nurse include?
- AAvoid sun exposure specifically during the evening hours特別避免在傍晚時段曝曬陽光
- BApply sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily✓ 正解每日塗抹 SPF 30 或更高數值的防曬乳
- CExamine skin lesions for ABCD criteria monthly每月檢查皮膚病變是否符合 ABCD 標準
- DSchedule a professional skin examination annually每年安排專業皮膚檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
初段預防旨在「預防疾病發生」。使用防曬產品（SPF 30+）是預防紫外線損傷的核心行動。D 和 C 屬於次段預防（篩檢），旨在及早發現病灶。A 是錯誤觀念，應避免的是上午 10 點至下午 4 點的烈日，而非傍晚。
Primary prevention is intended to 'prevent the disease from occurring.' Using sunscreen (SPF 30+) is a core action for preventing UV damage. Options D and C are secondary prevention (screening), aimed at early detection of lesions. Option A is incorrect; clients should avoid intense sunlight between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., not in the evening.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常主導皮膚健康衛教專案；台灣護理師在社區活動常由醫師指導，且台灣人較少將防曬作為預防疾病的正式衛生指導。