護理師準備對成人病人進行肌肉注射。哪項措施對於降低併發症風險最有效？
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an adult client. Which nursing action is most effective in reducing the risk of complications?
- AAspirate the syringe before injecting the medication注射藥物前抽吸注射器
- BMassage the site vigorously after needle withdrawal拔針後用力按摩注射部位
- CApply a cold pack to the site prior to injection注射前在注射部位敷冷包
- DInject the medication slowly over 10 seconds✓ 正解在 10 秒內緩慢注射藥物
根據現代護理指南，針對大多數常規藥物，緩慢推藥（Slow injection）有助於組織吸收並減輕注射部位的疼痛感。抽吸（Aspiration）對於大多數疫苗和常規藥物已不再作為常規程序（除了特定藥物如 Heparin 或特定部位外）。按摩可能導致藥物溢出或組織刺激，冰敷在一般注射前通常非必要。
According to current nursing guidelines, slow injection of most routine medications facilitates tissue absorption and reduces pain at the injection site. Aspiration is no longer a routine step for most vaccines and standard medications (with exceptions for certain drugs such as heparin or specific anatomical sites). Massaging the site may cause medication leakage or tissue irritation, and pre-injection cold packs are not generally required.
美國教學已全面放棄抽吸（除非特殊藥物），台灣部分資深人員仍有抽吸習慣，但教學內容正逐漸與國際接軌。