病人正在靜脈滴注萬古黴素（Vancomycin），出現臉部、頸部及上半身潮紅。護理師應先採取什麼行動？
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. The nurse observes flushing of the face, neck, and upper torso. What is the nurse's first action?
- ANotify the provider通知醫師
- BAdminister an antihistamine給予抗組織胺
- CStop the infusion✓ 正解停止靜脈滴注
- DIncrease the IV infusion rate加快靜脈滴注速率
核心概念：靜脈注射萬古黴素（Vancomycin）時可能發生的紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome, RMS）。 為何正確答案對： A. 紅人症候群是萬古黴素輸注過快導致組織胺（Histamine）大量釋放所引起，常見表現為臉部、頸部、胸部及上半身出現潮紅（Flushing）、發癢（Pruritus），有時伴隨低血壓（Hypotension）。一旦出現這些症狀，護理師應立即暫停輸注（Stop the infusion），以阻止更多組織胺釋放，並給予時間讓身體代謝，待症狀緩解後，再以較慢的滴注速度重新開始。這是最直接且有效的處理方式，預防病情惡化。 為何其他選項錯： B. 給予抗組織胺（Administer an antihistamine）是處理 RMS 的次要措施，通常在暫停輸注後，若症狀持續或嚴重才考慮使用，並不能立即阻止組織胺釋放。 C. 增加 IV 輸注速率（Increase the IV infusion rate）是完全錯誤的，這會加劇組織胺的釋放，使症狀惡化。 A. 通知醫師（Notify the provider）是後續步驟，應在採取緊急措施（停止輸注）之後進行。
Core concept: Red Man Syndrome (RMS), an adverse reaction that can occur during IV vancomycin administration. Why the correct answer is correct: A. Red Man Syndrome results from rapid vancomycin infusion that causes massive histamine release, commonly presenting with flushing of the face, neck, chest, and upper body, pruritus, and sometimes hypotension. When these symptoms appear, the nurse should immediately stop the infusion to halt further histamine release and allow time for the body to metabolize the drug; once the symptoms resolve, the infusion may be restarted at a slower rate. This is the most direct and effective intervention and prevents further deterioration. Why the other options are wrong: B. Administering an antihistamine is a secondary measure for RMS, typically considered only if symptoms persist or become severe after the infusion is stopped; it does not immediately halt histamine release. C. Increasing the IV infusion rate is completely incorrect, as it will accelerate histamine release and worsen symptoms. D. Notifying the provider is a subsequent step that should occur after the emergency action of stopping the infusion.