— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師為癲癇病人施打苯妥英(Phenytoin)負荷劑量。哪種靜脈液體適合用於沖洗管路或稀釋此藥物?
A nurse is administering a phenytoin loading dose to a client with seizures. Which IV fluid is compatible for flushing the line and diluting this medication?
- A0.45% Sodium Chloride (1/2 NS)0.45% 氯化鈉溶液(半鹽水)
- BLactated Ringer's (LR)乳酸林格氏液(LR)
- C5% Dextrose in Water (D5W)5% 葡萄糖水溶液(D5W)
- D0.9% Sodium Chloride (NS)✓ 正解0.9% 氯化鈉溶液(生理食鹽水)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Phenytoin(商品名 Dilantin)與含有葡萄糖(Dextrose)的溶液極不相容,混合後會立即產生沉澱,阻塞管路並可能導致栓塞。因此,靜脈給藥時只能使用生理食鹽水(0.9% NS)進行稀釋及沖管。此外,給藥速度不可超過 50 mg/min(老年人 25 mg/min),以防止低血壓和心律不整。
Phenytoin is incompatible with dextrose solutions because it causes immediate precipitation, which can lead to embolism or line occlusion. Therefore, 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is the only compatible fluid for dilution and flushing to ensure safe intravenous administration.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美在 Phenytoin 稀釋原則上一致,但美國醫院現多用 Fosphenytoin,其與葡萄糖相容性較佳且刺激性小。