— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人被處方口服類固醇。哪個不良反應需要立即就醫？
A client is prescribed an oral corticosteroid. Which adverse effect requires immediate medical attention?
- AMood swings情緒波動
- BIncreased appetite食慾增加
- CDifficulty sleeping睡眠困難
- DSigns of infection (e.g., fever, chills)✓ 正解感染跡象（例如：發燒、畏寒）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
皮質類固醇（Corticosteroids）具有強大的抗發炎與免疫抑制作用，長期或高劑量使用會顯著削弱身體對感染的防禦機制。在臨床上，這類藥物會掩蓋感染的早期徵兆，如發燒或發炎反應。因此，任何感染的跡象，如發燒、寒顫、喉嚨痛或傷口紅腫，都必須視為潛在的嚴重感染，需立即評估。相對地，食慾增加、情緒波動或失眠等副作用雖會影響生活品質，但並不具立即致命危險，屬於可持續監控並管理的範圍。
Corticosteroids suppress the immune system, significantly increasing the risk of infection and potentially masking early signs like fever. Therefore, any indication of infection requires immediate medical evaluation to prevent sepsis. While mood swings, increased appetite, and insomnia are common side effects, they do not pose an immediate life-threatening risk.