— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
哪位病人罹患院內感染（HAI）的風險最高？
Which client is at the highest risk for a hospital-acquired infection (HAI)?
- AA client admitted for elective cataract surgery因擇期白內障手術入院之病人
- BA client on a mechanical ventilator for 5 days✓ 正解接受機械通氣治療 5 天之病人
- CA client with a well-healed surgical scar手術傷口癒合良好之病人
- DA client with a closed fracture of the femur股骨閉合性骨折之病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
院內感染（Healthcare-associated infection, HAI）常與醫療介入措施直接相關。使用機械通氣（Mechanical ventilation）的病人，由於氣管內管（Endotracheal tube）繞過了上呼吸道的防禦機制，細菌極易直接進入下呼吸道，導致呼吸器相關肺炎（VAP），這是醫院中最常見且高死亡率的院內感染。
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are often directly related to medical interventions. Mechanically ventilated patients are at high risk because the endotracheal tube bypasses upper-airway defense mechanisms, allowing bacteria to enter the lower respiratory tract directly and causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), one of the most common HAIs and a leading cause of mortality in the hospital.