護理師照顧一位剛裝設周邊置入中心靜脈導管 (PICC) 的病人，下列哪些行為符合管路護理的安全規範？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a new peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Which action indicates the nurse is maintaining the safety of the line? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlush with 10 mL syringe for routine maintenance✓ 正解使用 10 mL 注射器進行常規維護沖洗
- BUse a push-pause technique during flushing✓ 正解沖洗時使用推注-暫停技術
- CChange the transparent dressing every 7 days✓ 正解每 7 天更換透明敷料
- DApply excessive pressure if resistance is met during flushing沖洗時若遇阻力則施加過大壓力
- EAssess for signs of infiltration or infection at each shift✓ 正解每班評估滲出或感染跡象
PICC 護理首重預防栓塞與感染。使用 10 mL 以上針筒可避免過大壓力損傷管腔。脈衝式沖管 (push-pause) 有效清除管壁殘留藥物。透明敷料依規定 7 天更換，若髒污則隨時更換。遇到阻力絕不可強行推藥，以免導管破裂或造成血管損傷。
PICC care focuses on preventing embolism and infection. Using a 10 mL or larger syringe avoids excessive pressure that could damage the catheter lumen. Push-pause flushing effectively removes residual medication from the catheter wall. Transparent dressings are routinely changed every 7 days, or sooner if soiled. Never force fluid if resistance is encountered, as this may rupture the catheter or damage vasculature.
美國醫院多有專門的靜脈治療護理師負責 PICC 維護；台灣則多由病房護理師負責，且常規維護頻率更為嚴謹。