— 降低風險 · EASY · SATA —
護理師正在照顧一位新接受結腸造口術的病人。哪些指導對預防造口周圍皮膚刺激至關重要？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a new colostomy. Which instructions are essential for preventing skin irritation around the stoma? (Select all that apply.)
- AEnsure the ostomy pouch adheres securely✓ 正解確保造口袋牢固黏貼
- BClean the peristomal skin with an alcohol-based antiseptic at each pouch change每次更換造口袋時以含酒精消毒劑清潔造口周圍皮膚
- CUse a mild soap and water to clean the stoma✓ 正解使用溫和肥皂和水清潔造口
- DCut the skin-barrier opening at least 2.5 cm (1 inch) larger than the stoma將皮膚保護底盤開口剪得比造口大至少 2.5 公分（1 英吋）
- EAvoid abrasive cleaners✓ 正解避免使用研磨性清潔劑
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防造口周圍皮膚炎的重點是避免排泄物滲漏及減少皮膚刺激。造口袋應牢固貼合；清潔時可使用清水，若使用肥皂則應選擇溫和、不含油脂或乳液的產品並徹底沖淨；同時應避免研磨性清潔劑。含酒精消毒劑可能損傷皮膚，底盤開口過大則會讓皮膚暴露於排泄物。
Preventing skin irritation requires a comprehensive approach that includes gently cleaning the peristomal skin with mild soap and water, ensuring the ostomy pouch adheres securely to prevent effluent leakage, and avoiding abrasive or harsh chemical cleaners. These combined measures protect the skin barrier from the corrosive effects of digestive enzymes found in stool.