護理師準備皮下注射肝素（heparin）。應包含哪些步驟？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously. Which actions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AInject the medication into the abdominal fat layer✓ 正解將藥物注入腹部脂肪層
- BAspirate before injecting the medication注射前進行抽吸
- CMassage the site vigorously after injection注射後用力按摩注射部位
- DRotate injection sites to prevent tissue damage✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防組織損傷
- EAvoid injecting within 2 inches of the umbilicus✓ 正解避免在肚臍兩英吋範圍內注射
肝素（Heparin）皮下注射需要正確的給藥技術以確保吸收並減少副作用。應選擇腹部脂肪層，避開肚臍周圍2英吋（防止血管豐富區域導致出血），注射部位應定期輪替以避免組織硬化。注射後不應揉搓部位，以免引起瘀血。此外，皮下注射肝素不需要抽吸（Aspiration），抽吸反而會增加微血管受損導致瘀傷的風險。
Subcutaneous heparin injection requires correct technique to ensure absorption and minimize adverse effects. The abdominal fat layer should be selected, avoiding a 2-inch radius around the umbilicus (a vascular-rich area that may bleed), and the injection site should be rotated regularly to prevent tissue induration. The site should not be massaged after injection because this can produce bruising. In addition, aspiration is not required for subcutaneous heparin, since aspiration increases capillary damage and the risk of ecchymosis.