護理師照顧一位喪偶的病人。病人表示：「我一直覺得我在超市看到他，或聽到他的聲音。」護理師應如何解讀此陳述？
A nurse is caring for a client who is grieving the loss of a spouse. The client states, 'I keep thinking I see him in the grocery store or hear his voice.' How should the nurse interpret this statement?
- AThe client is using denial as a long-term defense mechanism.客戶正在使用否認作為長期的防禦機制。
- BThe client is experiencing a normal component of grief.✓ 正解客戶正在經歷悲傷的正常組成部分。
- CThe client needs an immediate psychiatric referral.客戶需要立即的精神科轉介。
- DThe client is developing a psychotic disorder.客戶正在發展出精神病態障礙。
在喪慟初期，感覺到逝者的存在、聽到其聲音或甚至看到幻影是「尋找與專注於逝者」階段的正常現象。只要這些現象不影響病人的基本功能或導致自我傷害，通常不需要立即進行精神鑑定。護理師應提供支持並教育病人這屬於正常悲傷過程。
Early in bereavement, sensing the deceased's presence, hearing their voice, or even seeing a fleeting image is a normal phenomenon during the "searching for and focusing on the deceased" phase. As long as these experiences do not impair the client's basic functioning or lead to self-harm, immediate psychiatric evaluation is generally not required. The nurse should offer support and teach the client that this is part of the normal grieving process.
美國非常強調 Grief Counseling（諮商）的介入；台灣文化則多傾向於家庭內部支持與民俗慰藉。