— 降低風險 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備給予病人靜脈點滴鉀離子（KCl 20 mEq），哪項行動是確保安全的首要優先？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride 20 mEq IV piggyback to a client. Which action is the priority to ensure safety?
- AEnsure the intravenous site is patent without infiltration確保靜脈通路暢通且無滲漏
- BVerify the concentration and infusion rate✓ 正解核對濃度與輸注速率
- CObtain an EKG strip to monitor for baseline changes取得心電圖條帶以監測基線變化
- DCheck the client's most recent serum potassium level檢查病人最近的血清鉀離子濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子 IV 給藥屬高警訊藥物（High-Alert Medication）。臨床上鉀離子給予過快或濃度過高可能導致致命性心律不整。確認正確的稀釋濃度與輸注速度（Rate）能直接避免心臟驟停的風險，是給藥安全流程的核心。
IV potassium is a high-alert medication. Administering potassium too quickly or at too high a concentration can cause fatal arrhythmias. Verifying the correct dilution (concentration) and infusion rate directly prevents the risk of cardiac arrest and is the cornerstone of safe medication administration.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院針對高警訊藥物有嚴格的雙人核對（Double-check）機制；台灣亦有相關規範，但在分級護理人力下執行壓力較大。