護理師向孕婦提供飲食衛教。護理師應指導病人避免哪種食物以預防李斯特菌症?
A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who is pregnant. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid to prevent listeriosis?
- AUnpasteurized soft cheeses✓ 正解未經巴氏消毒的軟起司
- BHard-boiled eggs水煮蛋
- CPasteurized milk巴氏消毒牛奶
- DWell-cooked shellfish徹底煮熟的海鮮
孕婦在懷孕期間由於免疫系統的變化,對某些食源性病原體(foodborne pathogens)的抵抗力較弱,因此飲食指導對於保護母嬰健康至關重要。李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)是一種特別危險的細菌,它可能存在於未經適當處理的食物中,一旦感染,可能導致孕婦出現類似流感的症狀,但更嚴重的是可能引發流產、早產、死胎或新生兒嚴重感染。護理師必須明確告知孕婦哪些食物是高風險的,並解釋避免這些食物的臨床理由,以確保病人能做出明智且安全的飲食選擇。
Unpasteurized soft cheeses should be avoided because they may contain Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium that poses serious risks to pregnant women and the fetus. Pasteurization kills harmful bacteria, making hard cheeses, pasteurized milk, and well-cooked foods safe choices. Preventing listeriosis is crucial to avoid complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, or neonatal infection.
美國對李斯特菌的衛教非常具體(列出起司種類);台灣亦提醒孕婦避食生冷食物,但較少針對起司進行細分教育。