下列哪些護理行為體現了對病人權益的維護（Advocacy）？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions by a nurse demonstrate advocacy for a client's rights? (Select all that apply.)
- AAssisting a client to clarify their options for end-of-life care✓ 正解協助病人釐清其生命末期照護的選擇
- BInforming the surgeon that the client has questions about the risks of a procedure✓ 正解告知外科醫師該病人對手術風險有疑問
- CPersuading a client to accept a treatment recommended by the physician說服病人接受醫師建議的治療
- DEnsuring a client's privacy is maintained during a bedside dressing change✓ 正解確保在床邊換藥期間維持病人的隱私
- EReporting a co-worker who is documenting assessments that were not performed✓ 正解舉報同事記錄未進行的評估
護理師作為代議者（Advocate）的核心任務是保護病人的自主權、隱私權以及安全。這包括協助病人理解醫療選擇（A）、確保知情同意的完整性（B）、保護身體隱私（D）以及揭發不專業或不安全的醫療行為（E）。代議的核心是「站在病人這邊」，而不是站在醫療團隊的便利性這邊。C 選項是錯誤的，因為護理師的角色不是「說服」病人接受某種治療，而是提供客觀資訊並尊重病人的選擇，即使該選擇不符合醫療團隊的預期。代議也包含確保病人在醫療體系中獲得公平與高品質的照顧。
As an advocate, the nurse's central duty is to protect the client's autonomy, privacy, and safety. This includes helping the client understand treatment options (A), ensuring the integrity of informed consent (B), protecting bodily privacy (D), and reporting unprofessional or unsafe practices (E). The core of advocacy is standing with the client rather than prioritizing the convenience of the healthcare team. Option C is incorrect because the nurse's role is not to persuade the client to accept a particular treatment but to provide objective information and respect the client's choice, even if it diverges from what the team expects. Advocacy also includes ensuring that the client receives fair and high-quality care within the healthcare system.
美國護理界極度強調「代議者」角色，並將其視為護理實務的基石，甚至在法律上有舉報保護機制；台灣雖然也重視病人權利，但受傳統醫病關係影響，護理師在質疑醫師決策或挑戰資深同事行為時，往往面臨較大的文化壓力與階級考驗。