病人診斷為低血鉀，護理師正準備給予醫囑的靜脈注射氯化鉀。下列何者為必要操作？
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. The nurse is preparing to administer the prescribed intravenous potassium chloride. Which action is essential?
- AVerify the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL確認濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- BAssess the client's urine output before initiating the infusion✓ 正解在開始輸注前評估病人的尿液排出量
- CAdminister the dose as an IV push for rapid correction以靜脈推注方式給藥以快速糾正
- DApply a cold compress to the IV site to prevent phlebitis在靜脈注射部位施加冷敷以預防靜脈炎
靜脈給予氯化鉀（KCl）具有潛在致命風險，若濃度過高或速度過快，會直接導致心肌電位異常引發心跳停止。因此，給藥前確認病人的尿量（B）是必要的安全步驟，確保病人的腎功能足以排除鉀離子，防止高血鉀堆積。選項 A 雖有濃度上限，但並非絕對唯一安全指標；鉀離子絕不可靜脈推注（IV push）（C），這會導致立即的心跳停止；冷敷（D）無法預防靜脈炎，反而可能因血管收縮導致鉀離子滲漏至皮下組織造成壞死。
Intravenous potassium chloride (KCl) carries a potentially fatal risk; an excessively high concentration or rapid rate can directly cause cardiac membrane potential abnormalities and cardiac arrest. Therefore, verifying the client's urine output before administration (B) is an essential safety step that confirms renal function is adequate to excrete potassium and prevents accumulation. Although option A reflects an upper concentration limit, it is not the sole absolute safety indicator; potassium must never be given by IV push (C), as this causes immediate cardiac arrest; a cold compress (D) does not prevent phlebitis and may cause vasoconstriction that leads to potassium extravasation into subcutaneous tissue, resulting in tissue necrosis.