護理師準備對病人進行肌肉注射。下列哪項安全措施的優先級最高？
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to a patient. Which safety practice is the highest priority?
- AVerifying the patient's identity using two identifiers✓ 正解使用兩種識別碼驗證病人身份
- BDocumenting the procedure immediately立即記錄程序
- CRecapping the needle after use使用後重新蓋上針頭帽
- DEnsuring the site is free of bruises確保注射部位無瘀青
病人安全目標（National Patient Safety Goals, NPSG）中，準確識別病人身分是預防給藥錯誤的第一防線。無論是注射、給藥、抽血或手術，護理師必須使用至少兩種識別方式（如核對姓名與出生年月日）。其他選項雖涉及程序細節，但與「預防嚴重的給藥錯誤」相比，身分核對是確保醫療安全的最優先事項。Recapping 針頭在美國是被嚴格禁止的行為，因為會增加針扎風險，應直接丟入銳器盒。
Among the National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs), accurate patient identification is the first line of defense against medication errors. For injections, medication administration, blood draws, or surgery, the nurse must use at least two identifiers (such as name and date of birth). The other options, although they involve procedural details, are secondary to identification when it comes to preventing serious medication errors. Recapping needles is strictly prohibited in the United States because it increases the risk of needlestick injury; needles should be disposed of directly in a sharps container.
美國醫院全面嚴格執行「雙重身分核對（Two-identifier verification）」，且對護理師針扎防護有嚴格規範。OSHA 要求醫院必須提供安全針頭（Safety-engineered devices），且護理師若發生針扎，必須依照醫院流程完成回報與追蹤。