哪位病人需要保護性隔離（Protective Environment）？
Which client requires protective environment isolation?
- AA client with shingles患有帶狀皰疹的病人
- BA client with MRSA wound infection患有耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球菌（MRSA）傷口感染的病人
- CA client with active tuberculosis患有活動性結核病的病人
- DA client with a stem cell transplant✓ 正解接受幹細胞移植的病人
保護性隔離（Protective environment，又稱反向隔離或正壓隔離）的目標是保護病人不受環境中微生物的侵害。骨髓移植或幹細胞移植病人因接受強烈化學治療，免疫系統被徹底摧毀，處於極度易感狀態。此類病人需要 HEPA 過濾空氣、嚴格限制訪客，以建立無菌環境。這與保護其他病人不受該病人感染的「傳染性隔離」邏輯完全不同。
The goal of a protective environment (also known as reverse isolation or positive-pressure isolation) is to protect the client from microorganisms in the environment. Bone marrow or stem cell transplant clients have their immune systems completely ablated by intensive chemotherapy and are extremely susceptible to infection. These clients require HEPA-filtered air and strict visitor restrictions to create a near-sterile environment. This is fundamentally different from the logic of infectious isolation, which aims to protect others from the client.