護理師發現藥物給藥錯誤，首要採取行動為何？
A nurse identifies an unsafe medication error. What is the first action to take?
- AAssess the client's current condition✓ 正解評估病人的目前狀況
- BContact the physician聯絡醫師
- CNotify the nurse manager通知護理長
- DFile an incident report填寫意外報告
臨床發生給藥錯誤（Medication Error）時，NCLEX 考試中的首要步驟永遠是「病人安全（Patient Safety）」。在通知任何人之前，必須先評估病人是否產生不良反應（Assessment），這屬於護理過程（Nursing Process）的評估階段。唯有先確定病人的生命徵象與臨床狀態，才能決定後續處置的緊急程度，隨後再通知醫師、護理主管並填寫事故報告（Incident Report）。
When a medication error occurs, the first step on the NCLEX is always 'patient safety.' Before notifying anyone, the nurse must first assess whether the client has experienced an adverse reaction (Assessment), which corresponds to the assessment phase of the nursing process. Only after the client's vital signs and clinical condition have been determined can the nurse decide on the urgency of subsequent actions, followed by notifying the physician and nurse manager and completing an incident report.
在美國臨床實務中，給藥錯誤後的「立即評估」是評鑑護理師臨床判斷能力的核心，且美國醫院非常強調「不責備文化（Just Culture）」，鼓勵誠實回報，這點與台灣部分醫院仍存在的懲罰導向文化有顯著差異。