對於患有失智症且出現日落症候群的客戶，下列哪些護理措施適合納入護理計畫？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a nurse to include in the care plan for a client with dementia who is experiencing sundowning syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the environment well-lit in the evening hours✓ 正解在傍晚時段保持環境明亮
- BProvide structured, simple activities during the day✓ 正解在白天提供結構化、簡單的活動
- CAdminister PRN sedative medications every afternoon每天下午給予 PRN 鎮靜藥物
- DLimit caffeine and excessive stimulation in the late afternoon✓ 正解限制下午晚些時候的咖啡因攝取和過度刺激
- EEstablish a consistent daily routine for the client✓ 正解為病人建立一致的每日常規
日落症候群（Sundowning syndrome）常見於失智症病人，特徵是在傍晚或夜間出現焦慮、混亂、激動或躁動。其機轉與生理時鐘（Circadian rhythm）紊亂及環境光線變化有關。護理重點在於透過環境調整與規律作息來維持病人的定向感，減少環境刺激帶來的焦慮感。給藥治療應謹慎，避免常規使用鎮靜劑，以免增加跌倒風險或加重認知功能障礙。
Sundowning syndrome is commonly seen in patients with dementia and is characterized by anxiety, confusion, agitation, or restlessness in the late afternoon or at night. Its mechanism is related to disruption of the circadian rhythm and changes in environmental lighting. Nursing care focuses on adjusting the environment and maintaining a regular routine to preserve the patient's orientation and to reduce the anxiety created by environmental stimulation. Pharmacological treatment should be used with caution, and routine use of sedatives should be avoided to prevent an increased risk of falls or worsening of cognitive impairment.