— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
下列哪些評估發現符合體液容積缺失？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings are consistent with fluid volume deficit? (Select all that apply.)
- ADecreased capillary refill time毛細血管再充盈時間縮短
- BTachycardia✓ 正解心搏過速
- CPoor skin turgor✓ 正解皮膚彈性差
- DOrthostatic hypotension✓ 正解姿勢性低血壓
- EDark amber urine✓ 正解深琥珀色尿液
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
體液容積缺失時，身體為了代償低血容量會導致心跳加速（代償性心搏過速）。皮膚彈性變差、姿勢性低血壓以及因尿液濃縮造成的深琥珀色尿，均為脫水的臨床徵象。微血管充盈時間延長（>3秒）才代表血液灌流不足，選項A描述錯誤。
With fluid volume deficit, the body compensates for hypovolemia by increasing heart rate (compensatory tachycardia). Decreased skin turgor, orthostatic hypotension, and dark amber urine from urinary concentration are all clinical signs of dehydration. Prolonged capillary refill time (>3 seconds), not decreased refill time, reflects inadequate perfusion, so option A is incorrect.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣與美國在臨床上同樣重視脫水病人的水分攝取與輸液評估，無顯著實務差異。