對於有反覆深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）病史的個案，哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client with a history of recurrent DVTs? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncourage fluid intake✓ 正解鼓勵攝取水分
- BApply warm compresses to the area在患處應用溫熱敷
- CEncourage early ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期下床活動
- DInstruct to avoid crossing legs✓ 正解指導避免交叉雙腿
- EApply compression stockings as prescribed✓ 正解依醫囑穿戴彈性襪
針對有反覆深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）病史的個案，護理重點在於預防血液淤滯（Venous stasis）與減少血管內皮損傷風險。Virchow's Triad 指出血液淤滯、高凝固狀態及血管內皮損傷是 DVT 的主因，因此護理措施應圍繞在促進靜脈回流及避免靜脈受壓。熱敷雖然能緩解疼痛，但可能導致局部血管擴張，增加栓子脫落並隨血液循環引發肺栓塞（PE）的風險，故為禁忌。
For a client with recurrent deep vein thromboses (DVTs), nursing care focuses on preventing venous stasis and minimizing endothelial injury. Virchow's triad identifies venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury as the principal causes of DVT, so interventions should center on promoting venous return and avoiding venous compression. Although warm compresses can relieve pain, they cause localized vasodilation and may dislodge an existing thrombus into the systemic circulation, precipitating a potentially fatal pulmonary embolism (PE); they are therefore contraindicated.