護理師準備為病人給予靜脈藥物。哪些措施是確保正確辨識病人身份所必需的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous medication to a client. Which actions are required to ensure correct client identification? (Select all that apply.)
- AAsk the client to state their full name✓ 正解請個案報出全名
- BAsk the client to state their date of birth✓ 正解請個案報出出生日期
- CCheck the client's room number against the medication administration record (MAR)將個案的房號與給藥紀錄（MAR）進行比對
- DCompare the identification band with the MAR✓ 正解將識別帶與給藥紀錄（MAR）進行比對
- EAsk a coworker to verify the client's identity請同事協助核對個案的身份
病人辨識是病人安全的基石（National Patient Safety Goals）。標準程序要求至少使用「兩種」獨立的辨識碼（Identifiers）。選項 A（全名）與選項 B（出生日期）是病人主動提供的資訊。選項 D（對照識別帶與給藥紀錄）是第三方物理核對。這三者結合能確保給藥對象正確。選項 C（房號）絕對不能作為辨識碼，因為病人可能會換床位或房號標示錯誤。選項 E（請同事確認）通常僅用於高風險藥物（如胰島素）的劑量核對，而非基本的身份辨識。護理臨床思維應屏除所有非固定、非個人特徵的辨識參數。
Patient identification is the cornerstone of patient safety (National Patient Safety Goals). Standard protocol requires the use of at least two independent identifiers. Option A (full name) and option B (date of birth) are identifiers actively provided by the patient. Option D (comparing the wristband against the MAR) is the physical verification by a third source. Together, these three actions ensure correct administration. Option C (room number) must never be used as an identifier, because patients may be moved or rooms may be labeled incorrectly. Option E (asking a coworker to verify identity) is generally reserved for dose verification of high-alert medications (such as insulin) rather than basic identity verification. The nurse's clinical thinking should exclude all non-fixed, non-individual identifiers.
美國極度強調病人「主動」參與辨識（Active verification），即要求病人開口說出名字。台灣臨床上護理師有時會直接喊病人名字問「你是某某某嗎？」，這在 NCLEX 中是被視為錯誤的，因為病人可能因重聽或意識模糊而隨意點頭。