— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · SATA —
在執行換藥過程中，護理師採取哪些行動符合無菌技術原則？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions by the nurse correctly demonstrates the principles of sterile technique during a dressing change? (Select all that apply.)
- AHolding sterile items above waist level✓ 正解將無菌物品保持在腰部以上
- BKeeping the sterile field within the line of vision✓ 正解保持無菌區域在視線範圍內
- CConsidering the outer 1-inch border of the sterile field as contaminated✓ 正解將無菌區域外圍 1 英寸邊界視為受污染
- DReaching over the sterile field to save time為了節省時間而跨越無菌區域
- EOpening the outermost flap of a sterile kit away from the body✓ 正解將無菌套裝最外層的摺疊片朝遠離身體的方向打開
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
無菌技術的核心在於維持視野、高度與邊緣潔淨。物品若低於腰部（視線死角）即視為污染；跨越無菌區會導致落塵污染；邊緣 1 英寸被認定為污染區；打開無菌包時應先遠離身體，避免身體觸碰內層。跨越無菌區是常見錯誤。
The core of sterile technique is maintaining line of sight, height, and edge cleanliness. Items below the waist (out of sight) are considered contaminated; reaching across the sterile field results in falling-particle contamination; the outer 1-inch border is considered contaminated; sterile packages should be opened away from the body first to avoid contact with the inner contents. Reaching over the sterile field is a common error.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國非常強調無菌技術考試中的細節精確度；台灣臨床實務有時會因物資限制簡化步驟，但在護理評鑑要求上嚴格。