— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · MCQ —
下列哪位病人在內外科病房中跌倒風險最高？
Which of the following clients is at the highest risk for a fall in the medical-surgical unit?
- AA 30-year-old receiving IV antibiotics接受靜脈注射抗生素的 30 歲病人
- BA 45-year-old with controlled hypertension高血壓受控的 45 歲病人
- CA 55-year-old with a fractured arm手臂骨折的 55 歲病人
- DA 72-year-old taking diuretics✓ 正解服用利尿劑的 72 歲病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
跌倒風險評估（Fall Risk Assessment）的核心在於識別生理機能退化、藥物副作用與環境因素。72 歲高齡加上使用利尿劑，利尿劑會導致頻尿（增加夜間下床次數）與姿勢性低血壓（Orthostatic hypotension），這兩者加總使得該病人的跌倒風險遠高於其他僅有單一因素或無相關因素的病人。
Fall risk assessment centers on recognizing physiologic decline, adverse drug effects, and environmental factors. An age of 72 years combined with diuretic use is particularly concerning, because diuretics cause urinary frequency (increasing nighttime trips out of bed) and orthostatic hypotension. The combination places this patient at far greater risk of falling than patients with only a single factor or none of these factors.