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降低風險 · HARD · MCQ

護理師檢視接受肝素輸注病人的實驗室報告。血小板計數在 48 小時內從 250,000 降至 90,000。首要行動為何?

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client receiving a heparin infusion. The platelet count has dropped from 250,000/mm³ to 90,000/mm³ over 48 hours. What is the priority action?

  • AAdminister a dose of aspirin to prevent clotting
    給予阿斯匹靈劑量以預防凝血
  • BNotify the provider and expect an order to stop heparin✓ 正解
    通知醫師並預期停止肝素的醫囑
  • CRequest a repeat platelet count for verification
    要求重做血小板計數以驗證
  • DAssess the client for signs of internal bleeding
    評估個案是否有內出血跡象
Explanation · 中文詳解

肝素 (heparin) 輸注是一種常見的抗凝血療法,但它可能引起一種嚴重的併發症,即肝素誘發的血小板低下症 (Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, HIT)。HIT 是一種免疫介導的反應,身體產生針對肝素-血小板第四因子複合物的抗體,導致血小板被激活和消耗,進而使血小板計數急劇下降。儘管名稱中有「血小板低下」,但 HIT 的主要風險並非出血,而是血小板活化後形成的血栓,導致動脈或靜脈血栓形成,危及生命。 當病人接受肝素輸注時,血小板計數在 48 小時內從 250,000/mm³ 降至 90,000/mm³,這代表血小板數下降超過 50%,是高度懷疑 HIT 的警訊。在這種情況下,護理師的首要行動是立即停止所有肝素製品(包括肝素沖洗液),並通知醫師。這是根據「降低風險潛能」和「安全」的原則,優先處理可能導致嚴重血栓形成或出血的藥物不良反應,並需迅速轉換為非肝素類的抗凝劑。 其他選項的行動會延誤處理或不適用於此情況。

A platelet drop of more than 50% during heparin therapy suggests Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT), a life-threatening condition characterized by thrombosis risk rather than bleeding. The priority action is to notify the provider and prepare to discontinue heparin immediately to prevent severe complications.

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