— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正在照顧一位慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人。該病人被處方鉀離子限制飲食。護理師應建議病人避免下列哪種食物選擇？
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The client is prescribed a potassium-restricted diet. Which food choice would the nurse advise the client to avoid?
- AWhite rice白米飯
- BApples蘋果
- COranges✓ 正解柳橙
- DChicken breast雞胸肉
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人的腎絲球過濾率下降，導致排泄鉀離子的能力受損，容易引發高血鉀症（Hyperkalemia），嚴重時可能導致心律不整甚至心跳停止。因此，限制飲食中鉀離子的攝取是照護重點。護理師需衛教病人辨識高鉀食物，如柳橙、香蕉、番茄等，並鼓勵選擇低鉀食物。這是預防致命性電解質不平衡的重要護理介入。
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), reduced GFR impairs potassium excretion and can lead to hyperkalemia, which may cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Patients should avoid high-potassium foods such as oranges, bananas, and tomatoes, and instead choose low-potassium options. This dietary education is a critical nursing intervention to prevent fatal electrolyte imbalance.