— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位高齡病人有極高的吸入性肺炎風險。在餵食過程中，下列哪項護理行為最合適？
An elderly client is at high risk for aspiration. Which nursing action is most appropriate during feeding?
- AKeep the client in an upright position for 30 minutes after meals✓ 正解餐後讓病人保持直立姿勢 30 分鐘
- BOffer large bites of food to minimize swallowing efforts提供大塊食物以減少吞嚥努力
- CEncourage the client to drink thin liquids鼓勵病人飲用稀薄液體
- DPlace the client in a supine position讓病人採取仰臥姿勢
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
為了預防吸入性肺炎，病人進食時應採高坐姿，並在進食後維持至少 30 分鐘的坐姿，利用重力防止食物逆流。平躺（Supine）會增加吸入風險；稀薄液體最容易誤吸，應依醫囑調整稠度；大口進食會增加吞嚥難度與窒息風險。
To prevent aspiration pneumonia, the patient should eat in a high Fowler's position and remain sitting for at least 30 minutes after meals to use gravity to prevent reflux of food. The supine position increases the risk of aspiration; thin liquids are most easily aspirated and consistency should be adjusted according to the physician's order; taking large bites increases the difficulty of swallowing and the risk of choking.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣與美國對於吞嚥困難（Dysphagia）的護理策略高度一致，皆強調多職類團隊評估（SLP/營養師）。