護理師準備為病人輸注萬古黴素(Vancomycin),下列哪些發現需要立即處理?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is preparing to administer Vancomycin to a client. Which findings should the nurse identify as requiring immediate action? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解臉部與頸部潮紅
- BBlood pressure of 88/50 mmHg✓ 正解血壓 88/50 mmHg
- CSerum creatinine increased from 0.8 to 1.6 mg/dL✓ 正解血清肌酸酐從 0.8 上升至 1.6 mg/dL
- DUrine output of 25 mL/hour✓ 正解尿量 25 mL/hour
- EItching at the IV site靜脈注射部位搔癢
萬古黴素(Vancomycin)具有腎毒性、耳毒性及輸注相關反應(紅人症候群,Red Man Syndrome)。護理師在給藥過程中需全程監測生命徵象與腎功能指標。選項 A 為紅人症候群,通常因輸注過快導致組胺釋放,需減慢速度;選項 B 代表循環系統不穩定(休克);選項 C 代表急性腎損傷(Acute Kidney Injury, AKI);選項 D 代表腎臟灌流不足或腎衰竭。這些皆為危急狀況,需立即暫停給藥並通報醫師。
Vancomycin carries risks of nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and infusion-related reactions such as Red Man Syndrome. Flushing, hypotension, elevated creatinine, and low urine output all indicate severe adverse effects requiring immediate intervention. These signs necessitate stopping the infusion and notifying the provider promptly.
在美國臨床實務中,對於萬古黴素的監測(Trough level)非常嚴格,護理師需確保在給藥前採血。台美在紅人症的處理上一致,但在腎功能監測的頻率與給藥路徑的安全性驗證上,美國護理師對 AKI 的敏感度極高。