病人表現低血容量休克。哪項護理處置對於支持心輸出量最關鍵？
A client presents with signs of hypovolemic shock. Which nursing intervention is the most critical to support cardiac output?
- APerform a physical assessment進行身體評估
- BPosition in high-Fowler’s採高福勒氏體位
- CIncrease IV infusion rate✓ 正解增加靜脈輸注速率
- DAdminister oxygen給予氧氣
低血容量休克（Hypovolemic shock）的病理機轉為循環血量不足，導致回心血量（Venous return）減少，進而降低心輸出量（Cardiac output）。治療的首要任務是「恢復循環容積」。增加靜脈輸液（IV fluid resuscitation）能迅速補充 intravascular volume，提高前負荷（Preload），改善組織灌流。在休克狀態下，其他處置均為輔助性，唯有補液能解決血流動力學的根本問題。
The underlying mechanism in hypovolemic shock is insufficient circulating volume, which decreases venous return and therefore cardiac output. The first priority is to restore circulating volume. Increasing IV fluid resuscitation rapidly replenishes intravascular volume, increases preload, and improves tissue perfusion. In shock, all other interventions are supportive; only volume replacement directly addresses the underlying hemodynamic problem.
在美國臨床中，對於低血容量休克，護理師通常會主動啟動大量輸液（Bolus）並根據血流動力學指標（如 CVP）進行監測，護理師的自主權限較高。