護理師照顧一位末期病人，病人詢問關於預立醫療指示。護理師應說明下列何者？
A nurse is caring for a client who is terminally ill and requesting information about advanced directives. What should the nurse explain?
- AOnce signed, advanced directives cannot be changed or revoked一旦簽署，預立醫療指示就不能更改或撤銷
- BAdvanced directives allow the client to specify future medical preferences if they become incapacitated✓ 正解預立醫療指示允許病人在喪失決策能力時指定未來的醫療偏好
- CThe nurse is responsible for writing the living will for the client護理師負責為病人撰寫預立醫療指示
- DAdvanced directives are only valid if the client is currently terminally ill只有當病人目前處於末期時，預立醫療指示才有效
預立醫療指示（Advanced directives）包含「生前遺囑（Living will）」與「醫療委任代理人（Durable power of attorney for healthcare）」。其核心意義是在病人意識清醒時，授權其在未來若喪失決策能力時，能依據個人意願執行醫療照護。這是法律賦予病人的自主權，護理師應教育病人，此文件隨時可更改或撤銷，且僅在病人無法表達意願時生效。
Advanced directives include the living will and the durable power of attorney for health care. Their core purpose is to allow a client, while still mentally competent, to direct future medical care in case they later lose decision-making capacity. This is a legally recognized expression of autonomy. The nurse should teach the client that these documents can be modified or revoked at any time and only take effect when the client is unable to communicate their wishes.
在美國，根據《病人自決法案（Patient Self-Determination Act）》，醫院有義務在病人入院時詢問其是否有預立醫療指示，並提供相關資訊與表格。