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健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ

建議 65 歲個案接種哪種疫苗,以預防常見的呼吸道併發症?

Which immunization is recommended for a 65-year-old client to prevent a common respiratory complication?

  • AInactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)
    不活化小兒麻痺疫苗(IPV)
  • BRotavirus vaccine
    輪狀病毒疫苗
  • CHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
    人類乳突病毒(HPV)疫苗
  • DPneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23)✓ 正解
    肺炎鏈球菌多醣疫苗(PPSV23)
Explanation · 中文詳解

本題考驗護理師對於成人預防接種建議的知識,特別是針對老年人常見的呼吸道疾病預防。隨著年齡增長,免疫系統功能會下降,老年人更容易感染呼吸道疾病,且併發症風險高。肺炎鏈球菌是導致肺炎、菌血症和腦膜炎的常見細菌,這些疾病對老年人的健康威脅極大。 正確答案 D 指出接種肺炎鏈球菌多醣疫苗(PPSV23),這是美國疾病管制與預防中心(CDC)建議 65 歲以上成人應接種的疫苗之一,以有效預防肺炎鏈球菌引起的嚴重感染。護理師應熟悉不同年齡層的疫苗接種建議,以提供適切的衛教。 其他選項的疫苗主要針對不同年齡層或不同疾病,不適用於預防 65 歲個案的常見呼吸道併發症,因此為錯誤答案。

This question tests the nurse's knowledge of adult immunization recommendations, particularly for preventing common respiratory illness in older adults. With aging, immune function declines and older adults are more susceptible to respiratory infections with high complication risk. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis, and these diseases pose a major threat to older adults. The correct answer D, the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), is recommended by the CDC for adults 65 and older to effectively prevent serious pneumococcal infections. Nurses should be familiar with age-specific vaccination recommendations in order to provide appropriate teaching. The other vaccines target different age groups or different diseases and are not appropriate for preventing common respiratory complications in a 65-year-old client.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國疾病管制與預防中心(CDC)和台灣衛生福利部疾病管制署(CDC)對於 65 歲以上成人接種肺炎鏈球菌疫苗的建議原則一致,皆強調其重要性。在美國,通常會建議先接種結合型肺炎鏈球菌疫苗(PCV13),再間隔一段時間接種 PPSV23。台灣則有公費提供 PPSV23,部分民眾可自費選擇 PCV13。儘管接種策略或公費疫苗種類可能略有差異,但預防肺炎鏈球菌感染的核心概念與目標族群是相同的。

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