— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護接受化學治療的病人，執行中性球低下預防措施應包含哪些？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. Which interventions should the nurse include for neutropenia precautions? (Select all that apply.)
- AImplement strict hand hygiene for all visitors✓ 正解實施嚴格的手部衛生措施供所有訪客
- BAvoid placing fresh flowers in the client's room✓ 正解避免在病人房間放置鮮花
- CAdminister prophylactic antibiotics daily每日給予預防性抗生素
- DRestrict fresh fruits and raw vegetables✓ 正解限制食用新鮮水果和生蔬菜
- EEncourage the client to use a soft-bristled toothbrush✓ 正解鼓勵病人使用軟毛牙刷
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
中性球低下病人的首要目標為防止感染。A（手部衛生）、B（避免花卉帶來的黴菌）、D（避免生食帶菌）均屬核心預防措施。E（軟毛牙刷）雖常歸類於血小板低下預防，但對免疫抑制病人亦能減少口腔黏膜破損引起的細菌感染。C 為錯誤，抗生素僅在懷疑感染時投藥，不應常規使用以免產生抗藥性。
Neutropenic precautions prioritize infection prevention through strict hand hygiene, avoiding sources of microbes like fresh flowers and raw produce, and minimizing mucosal trauma with soft-bristled toothbrushes. Prophylactic antibiotics are not standard practice due to the risk of resistance.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院常見中性球低下飲食（Neutropenic diet），台灣臨床對生食的嚴格度視醫院感染控制規範而定。