護理師查看服用異煙肼 (INH) 病人的指導。應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is reviewing instructions for a client taking Isoniazid (INH). Which instructions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AAvoid drinking alcohol✓ 正解避免飲酒
- BReport yellowing of the skin or eyes✓ 正解報告皮膚或眼睛變黃
- CTake Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) as prescribed✓ 正解按醫囑服用維生素B6（吡哆醇）
- DEat foods high in Tyramine like aged cheese食用富含酪胺的食物，如陳年乳酪
- EExpect your urine to turn dark blue預期尿液會變成深藍色
異煙肼（Isoniazid, INH）是治療結核病（Tuberculosis, TB）的一線藥物，通常與其他抗結核藥物聯合使用。雖然其療效顯著，但也伴隨著特定的副作用，特別是肝毒性（Hepatotoxicity）和周邊神經炎（Peripheral Neuropathy）。護理師在衛教病人時，必須詳細說明這些潛在的副作用、如何預防，以及何時需要回報醫師。病人對藥物副作用的認知和依從性，對於確保治療成功並避免嚴重併發症至關重要。這項衛教能幫助病人安全地完成漫長的結核病療程。
Isoniazid (INH) is a first-line agent in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and is typically used in combination with other antituberculosis drugs. Although it is highly effective, it is also associated with specific adverse effects, particularly hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy. During client education, the nurse must clearly explain these potential adverse effects, how to prevent them, and when to notify the provider. The client's awareness of and adherence to medication safety are essential to ensure successful treatment and to avoid serious complications. This teaching helps the client safely complete the lengthy course of TB therapy.
異煙肼（INH）的臨床應用和病人衛教在台灣和美國基本一致。兩地護理師都會強調避免飲酒以預防肝毒性，以及回報黃疸等肝損傷徵兆。補充維生素 B6 以預防周邊神經炎也是兩地的標準做法。關於酪胺食物的限制，雖然有些文獻提及INH可能與酪胺或組織胺有輕微交互作用，但其臨床重要性遠不如MAOIs，因此在兩地都不會作為嚴格的飲食禁忌來強調。尿液變色是Rifampin的特徵，而非INH。