病人正在靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin），哪些症狀顯示病人出現了「紅人症候群」？（選所有適合的）
A client is receiving vancomycin IV. Which signs indicate the client is experiencing 'Red Man Syndrome'? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解臉部與頸部潮紅
- BHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- CPruritus✓ 正解搔癢
- DWheezing喘鳴
- EMuscle rash on the upper torso✓ 正解上半身肌肉皮疹
紅人症候群是因為萬古黴素輸注速度過快引起的組織胺大量釋放。臨床表現包括面頸部潮紅、搔癢、低血壓以及上半身的皮疹或紅斑。這與真正的過敏反應不同，通常減慢輸注速度或給予抗組織胺即可緩解。喘鳴（Wheezing）通常與過敏性休克相關，紅人症候群較少見。
Red man syndrome is caused by the large release of histamine triggered by infusing vancomycin too rapidly. Clinical manifestations include flushing of the face and neck, itching, hypotension, and a rash or erythema over the upper body. This is different from a true allergic reaction; slowing the infusion rate or administering an antihistamine is usually sufficient to relieve it. Wheezing is typically associated with anaphylaxis and is uncommon in red man syndrome.
兩地對萬古黴素輸注速度的要求相似，皆強調至少需輸注 60 分鐘以上以減少此副作用。