— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · MCQ —
下列哪種藥物是用於急性氣喘發作的「救急」藥物？
Which of the following medications is a rescue medication for acute asthma exacerbations?
- AMontelukastMontelukast（孟魯司特）
- BAlbuterol✓ 正解Albuterol（沙丁胺醇）
- CSalmeterolSalmeterol（沙美特羅）
- DFluticasoneFluticasone（氟替卡松）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Albuterol 屬於短效型 beta-2 促進劑 (SABA)，能迅速擴張支氣管，是急性發作的首選救急用藥。Salmeterol 為長效型，Fluticasone 為吸入性類固醇，Montelukast 為口服白三烯受體拮抗劑，皆屬長期控制藥物，不適合緩解急性症狀。
Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) that rapidly dilates the bronchi and is the rescue medication of choice for acute asthma exacerbations. Salmeterol is long-acting, fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid, and montelukast is an oral leukotriene receptor antagonist; all are long-term controllers and are not appropriate for relieving acute symptoms.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆強烈區分救急與長期控制藥物，衛教病人辨識吸入器類型是關鍵。