病人獲開立靜脈注射氯化鉀，最重要的安全防護措施為何？
A client is prescribed IV potassium chloride. What is the most critical safety intervention?
- AMonitor for urinary output監測尿液排出量
- BDilute the solution before administration給藥前稀釋溶液
- CEnsure the infusion is given via a central line確保經中心靜脈導管輸注
- DInfuse the medication using an electronic pump✓ 正解使用電子輸注泵給藥
靜脈注射氯化鉀（KCl）屬於高警訊藥物（High-Alert Medication），其臨床風險在於過快輸注導致高血鉀，進而引發致命性心律不整（如心室顫動）。使用電子輸液泵（Electronic Infusion Pump）是確保給藥速率精確且恆定的黃金標準，能嚴格防止因輸液速度過快導致的副作用。雖然稀釋與監測尿量同樣重要，但輸液泵對於防止藥物過量輸注具有直接且關鍵的保護作用。
Intravenous potassium chloride (KCl) is a high-alert medication; its clinical risk lies in rapid infusion causing hyperkalemia, which can precipitate lethal cardiac dysrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. Use of an electronic infusion pump is the gold standard for ensuring an accurate and constant rate of administration, providing strict prevention against the adverse effects caused by overly rapid infusion. Although dilution and urine output monitoring are also important, the infusion pump provides direct and decisive protection against drug overdose by inadvertent rapid administration.
在美國，KCl 輸注被視為極高風險，護理師必須嚴格遵守泵浦設定，且許多醫院會要求雙人核對（Double-check）輸注濃度與速率。台灣臨床亦有類似規範，但美國更強調泵浦在防止給藥錯誤上的絕對性。