一位水痘病患入院，護理師應執行哪種防護措施？
A client is admitted with varicella. Which type of precautions should the nurse implement?
- AAirborne and contact precautions✓ 正解空氣與接觸預防措施
- BStandard precautions only僅標準預防措施
- CContact precautions only僅接觸預防措施
- DDroplet precautions飛沫預防措施
水痘（Varicella）由水痘帶狀疱疹病毒（VZV）引起，其傳播途徑包含空氣傳播（Airborne）與接觸傳播（Contact）。空氣傳播係指病毒懸浮於微小飛沫核中，可隨空氣長距離移動；接觸傳播則是指經由直接接觸皮膚水泡液或被污染的衣物、被單感染。因此，NCLEX 要求對此類高度傳染性疾病採雙重防護措施，以確保醫療人員與其他病人的安全。
Varicella is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and is transmitted via both airborne and contact routes. Airborne transmission refers to the virus being suspended in small droplet nuclei that can travel long distances through the air, while contact transmission occurs through direct contact with vesicle fluid or contaminated clothing and linens. Therefore, the NCLEX requires dual precautions for this highly communicable disease to ensure the safety of healthcare workers and other patients.
台灣醫院感染管制標準與美國 CDC 指引高度一致，皆強調針對水痘採用「空氣＋接觸」隔離，並需確認醫護人員具備免疫力（如曾患水痘或已接種疫苗）。