一位病患出現抗利尿激素分泌不當症候群（SIADH）的症狀，護理師應預期看到什麼發現？
A client presents with symptoms of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which finding should the nurse expect?
- AHypernatremia高血鈉
- BDilute urine稀釋尿液
- CPolyuria多尿
- DSerum osmolality of 250 mOsm/kg✓ 正解血清滲透壓 250 mOsm/kg
SIADH（抗利尿激素分泌不當症候群）的特點是抗利尿激素（ADH）過度分泌，導致腎小管對水分的再吸收增加，造成水滯留（water retention）。這會稀釋血液中的鈉離子，導致稀釋性低血鈉（hyponatremia），同時血漿滲透壓會隨之降低（正常值約 275-295 mOsm/kg）。尿液則因為水分過度回吸而變得極度濃縮，尿滲透壓升高。
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) is characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to increased water reabsorption by the renal tubules and causing water retention. This dilutes the sodium in the blood, resulting in dilutional hyponatremia, with a corresponding decrease in plasma osmolality (normal range approximately 275-295 mOsm/kg). The urine becomes extremely concentrated due to excessive water reabsorption, with elevated urine osmolality.