— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位第一型糖尿病病人入院，血糖值為 450 mg/dL。護理師應優先採取哪項行動？
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with a blood glucose level of 450 mg/dL. Which nursing action takes priority?
- AAdminister subcutaneous insulin皮下注射胰島素
- BAssess the client's vital signs評估病人的生命徵象
- CObtain a urine specimen for ketones取得尿液樣本檢測酮體
- DStart an intravenous infusion of normal saline✓ 正解開始輸注正常食鹽水靜脈滴注
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血糖危象時，血液脫水與電解質紊亂為首要危險，因此優先補充水分以恢復灌流。輸液可透過稀釋血液降低滲透壓並改善腎臟灌流，為處理 DKA 或高血糖高滲透壓狀態的第一優先步驟，再考慮胰島素注射與電解質補充。
In hyperglycemic crises like DKA or HHS, severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances are the primary life threats. Starting an IV infusion of normal saline is the priority to restore circulating volume, improve tissue perfusion, and facilitate glucose excretion before administering insulin.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆視補充生理食鹽水為 DKA 之首要步驟，無顯著差異。