器官移植病人處方 Cyclosporine。護理師應指導病人避免下列哪項?
A client is prescribed Cyclosporine after an organ transplant. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following?
- ARed meat紅肉
- BMilk products乳製品
- CGrapefruit juice✓ 正解葡萄柚汁
- DLeafy green vegetables深綠色葉菜類蔬菜
Cyclosporine(環孢素)是一種強效的免疫抑制劑(Immunosuppressant),廣泛用於器官移植後預防排斥反應,以及治療某些自體免疫疾病。Cyclosporine 的治療窗(Therapeutic Window)較窄,血中濃度過低可能導致器官排斥,過高則會增加腎毒性(Nephrotoxicity)和其他嚴重副作用的風險。因此,維持穩定的血藥濃度對治療效果和安全性至關重要。 許多藥物和食物會影響 Cyclosporine 的代謝。其中,葡萄柚汁被證實會顯著干擾其藥物代謝途徑,可能導致血藥濃度異常升高。護理師必須清楚地向病人解釋這些藥物與食物的交互作用,並強調避免食用特定食物的重要性,以確保藥物療效並預防潛在的毒性反應。
Clients taking cyclosporine must avoid grapefruit juice because it inhibits the enzyme responsible for metabolizing the drug, potentially leading to toxic blood levels. Maintaining stable therapeutic levels is crucial to prevent organ rejection while avoiding serious side effects like nephrotoxicity.