— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師教導 COPD 病人呼吸訓練。何者衛教最有效？
A nurse is teaching a client with COPD about breathing exercises. Which instruction is most effective?
- ATake rapid, shallow breaths during activity活動期間進行快速淺層呼吸
- BInhale deeply through the mouth經口深吸氣
- CHold your breath as long as possible after inhalation吸氣後盡可能長時間憋氣
- DPerform pursed-lip breathing to prolong exhalation✓ 正解進行噘嘴呼吸以延長呼氣時間
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
COPD 病人因小支氣管陷落，氣體滯留（Air trapping）。噘嘴式呼吸（Pursed-lip breathing）能產生背壓（Back pressure），延緩呼氣過程，防止小氣道早期關閉，讓更多殘氣排出。吸氣應用鼻，呼氣用嘴；呼吸應緩慢，而非快速淺呼吸。
Clients with COPD have air trapping from small airway collapse. Pursed-lip breathing creates back pressure that slows exhalation and prevents premature airway closure, allowing more residual air to be exhaled. Inhalation should be through the nose and exhalation through pursed lips; breathing should be slow rather than rapid and shallow.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對 COPD 的衛教重點一致，噘嘴呼吸都是門診與病房衛教的標準內容。