— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 75 歲失智症病患需要衛生與行動協助。哪項措施最能確保病人安全且維護其自主性？
A 75-year-old client with advanced dementia requires assistance with hygiene and mobility. Which intervention best supports the client's safety while maintaining autonomy?
- AKeep the client in bed to prevent potential falls during ambulation讓個案卧床以防止行走時可能跌倒
- BAllow the client to choose between two clothing options each morning✓ 正解每天早晨讓個案在兩套服裝中選擇
- CPerform all hygiene tasks to ensure they are done thoroughly完成所有衛生工作以確保徹底清潔
- DRestrict the client's movement to a single room限制個案的活動範圍至單一房間
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
失智症照護的核心在於在維持安全的前提下，最大程度保留病人的自主性。給予有限的選擇（如二選一）能幫助病人保有掌控感，而不致造成認知負荷。過度包辦（選項 C）會導致功能退化，限制行動（選項 A、D）則會增加焦慮與衰弱風險。
Dementia care centers on maximizing autonomy while ensuring safety. Limited choices (such as two clothing options) preserve a sense of control without cognitive overload. Total assistance (C) causes functional decline, while restricting movement (A, D) increases anxiety and decompensation risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國強調 person-centered care 以維持獨立性；台灣因家屬照顧壓力，有時會傾向採取較多限制的保護性措施。