一位慢性腎臟病病人血鉀值為 6.5 mEq/L。護理師應預期心電圖出現何種變化?
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L. Which EKG change should the nurse anticipate?
- AST segment depressionST 段壓低
- BShortened PR intervalPR 間期縮短
- CTall, peaked T waves✓ 正解高大尖銳的 T 波
- DProminent U wave明顯的 U 波
高血鉀(hyperkalemia),即血清鉀離子濃度超過正常範圍(通常 > 5.0 mEq/L),對心肌細胞的電生理特性有顯著影響。鉀離子在維持細胞膜電位平衡中扮演關鍵角色,當細胞外鉀離子濃度升高時,會使靜息電位(resting potential)趨向去極化,接近閾值電位(threshold potential),這會影響心肌細胞的興奮性和再極化過程。 核心概念:高血鉀會改變心肌細胞膜的電位差,尤其影響鉀離子通道的功能,導致心臟傳導系統異常,並可能引發危及生命的心律不整。 臨床思路:高血鉀對心臟的影響是急性的,且可能迅速惡化,因此心電圖(EKG)的變化是重要的監測指標,能預警潛在的心臟驟停風險。
Hyperkalemia (typically >5.0 mEq/L) alters cardiac electrophysiology. Extracellular potassium elevations shift the resting membrane potential toward depolarization, affecting myocardial excitability and repolarization. The earliest and most characteristic ECG change is tall, peaked T waves, which can rapidly progress to dangerous dysrhythmias if untreated.