護理師正在對愛迪生氏病（Addison's Disease）病人進行衛教，以預防「愛迪生氏危象」。應包含哪些指導內容？（選所有適合的）
The nurse is providing education to a client with Addison's disease regarding 'Addisonian Crisis' prevention. Which instructions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease salt intake during periods of hot weather✓ 正解在炎熱天氣期間增加鹽分攝取
- BCarry an emergency kit with injectable hydrocortisone✓ 正解攜帶含有注射用氫化可的松的緊急急救包
- CDecrease medication dosage during periods of emotional stress在情緒壓力期間減少藥物劑量
- DWear a medical alert identification bracelet✓ 正解佩戴醫療警識識別手環
- EAvoid sudden withdrawal of corticosteroid medications✓ 正解避免突然停用皮質類固醇藥物
愛迪生氏病是腎上腺皮質功能不全，導致皮質醇（糖皮質激素）和醛固酮（礦物皮質激素）分泌不足。愛迪生氏危象是一種致命的急性發作，通常由壓力、感染或突然停藥誘發。衛教重點在於「增加供應」與「預防缺乏」。在高溫環境下（A），病人會隨汗液流失鈉離子，由於缺乏醛固酮，病人無法保鈉，故需增加鹽分攝取。隨身攜帶注射用氫化可體松（B）是為了在無法口服時緊急補充。佩戴醫療警示手環（D）能確保在意識不清時獲得正確醫療。最關鍵的是絕對不可自行停藥（E），突然停用類固醇會直接導致危象。選項 C 是錯誤的，在壓力期間應「增加」劑量（Stress dosing），而不是減少。這套邏輯在於模擬正常生理在壓力下的腎上腺反應。
Addison's disease is adrenal cortical insufficiency, resulting in inadequate secretion of cortisol (glucocorticoid) and aldosterone (mineralocorticoid). Addisonian crisis is a life-threatening acute exacerbation typically triggered by stress, infection, or sudden discontinuation of medication. Teaching focuses on 'increasing supply' and 'preventing deficiency.' In hot environments (A), clients lose sodium through sweat; because aldosterone is lacking, the client cannot retain sodium, so salt intake must be increased. Carrying injectable hydrocortisone (B) provides emergency replacement when oral administration is not possible. Wearing a medical alert bracelet (D) ensures that the client receives appropriate medical care when unconscious. The most crucial point is to never discontinue the medication on one's own (E), as abrupt withdrawal of steroids can directly trigger crisis. Option C is incorrect; during periods of stress, the dose should be increased (stress dosing), not reduced. The rationale is to mimic the normal physiologic adrenal response under stress.
美國非常強調病人自我管理的工具包（Emergency kit）與醫療識別（Medical Alert ID），且衛教內容會具體到各種壓力情境下的劑量調整；台灣則較偏重回診調整用藥，護理師在推廣醫療識別飾品上的文化程度略低於美國。