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藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ

護理師準備為病人給予靜脈注射氯化鉀(KCl)。下列哪項護理措施對病人安全至關重要?

A nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium chloride (KCl) to a client. Which nursing action is essential for patient safety?

  • AAdminister via IV push to ensure rapid effect
    透過靜脈推注給藥以確保快速療效
  • BInfuse at a concentration higher than 40 mEq/L
    以高於 40 mEq/L 的濃度輸注
  • CDilute the medication and use an infusion pump✓ 正解
    稀釋藥物並使用輸注幫浦
  • DCheck the client's blood pressure every 5 minutes
    每 5 分鐘檢查病人的血壓
Explanation · 中文詳解

氯化鉀具有極強的組織刺激性與心臟毒性,絕對不可直接靜脈推注(IV push)。必須確保藥物經適當稀釋,並強制使用輸注幫浦(infusion pump)嚴格控制滴速,通常限制速度不超過 10 mEq/hr,以預防嚴重的心律不整與靜脈炎。

KCl is highly irritating and cardiotoxic and must never be given IV push. Always dilute and use an infusion pump for strict rate control, typically not exceeding 10 mEq/hr, to prevent fatal arrhythmias and phlebitis.

✦ 台美臨床差異

台美皆嚴格遵守禁忌,但美國醫院常備有預混液,台灣基層單位有時需由護理師計算稀釋比例,風險管理重點一致。

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