— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師衛教病人關於毛地黃中毒的徵象。應包含哪些症狀？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client about the signs of digoxin toxicity. Which symptoms should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AVisual disturbances, such as yellow-green halos✓ 正解視覺障礙，例如黃綠色光暈
- BNausea and vomiting✓ 正解噁心和嘔吐
- CBradycardia✓ 正解心動過緩
- DIncreased urinary output尿量增加
- EConfusion or lethargy✓ 正解意識混亂或嗜睡
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
毛地黃安全治療窗窄，中毒徵象多樣。視覺異常（看到光暈）、胃腸道不適（噁心嘔吐）、心跳過慢（小於 60 下）及中樞神經改變（混亂、昏睡）均為典型表現。尿量增加並非中毒特徵，通常心衰竭病人使用毛地黃後尿量增加是療效好的指標。
Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic window, and toxicity manifests through various systems. Key signs include visual disturbances like yellow-green halos, gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, bradycardia due to increased vagal tone, and CNS changes like confusion or lethargy, especially in the elderly. Increased urinary output is a therapeutic effect indicating improved cardiac function, not toxicity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院常要求護理師在給予毛地黃前必須確認心跳，並將此列入交班重點，防範中毒發生。