— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人正接受靜脈抗生素。下列哪項評估結果顯示嚴重的過敏反應？
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving IV antibiotics. Which assessment indicates a severe allergic reaction?
- ADizziness upon standing站立時頭暈
- BLocalized redness at the site注射部位局部紅腫
- CWheezing and dyspnea✓ 正解哮鳴與呼吸困難
- DMild nausea輕微噁心
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
抗生素過敏反應中最嚴重的為過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis）。喘鳴（Wheezing）與呼吸困難（Dyspnea）是支氣管痙攣與氣道水腫的徵兆，屬於危及生命的呼吸道緊急狀況。選項 B 為局部反應，D 為常見副作用，A 可能與體位性低血壓相關，皆非過敏性休克之核心表現。
The most severe antibiotic reaction is anaphylaxis. Wheezing and dyspnea reflect bronchospasm and airway edema — a life-threatening respiratory emergency. B is a local reaction, D is a common GI side effect, and A may relate to orthostatic hypotension; none are core anaphylaxis features.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地皆將過敏性休克視為急救代碼（Code Blue/Medical Emergency），處理程序皆強調先停止輸注並給予 epinephrine。