對於使用靜脈自控止痛 (PCA) 嗎啡的病人，護理師應監測哪項指標最為重要？
Which assessment finding is most important for a nurse to monitor in a client receiving morphine sulfate via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?
- ALevel of consciousness意識程度
- BHeart rate心率
- CRespiratory rate✓ 正解呼吸頻率
- DBlood pressure血壓
嗎啡為阿片類止痛劑，最嚴重的副作用是呼吸抑制。PCA 病人雖能自我控制劑量，但仍需嚴格監測呼吸頻率與深度，因為嗎啡會抑制呼吸中樞。呼吸次數小於每分鐘 8-10 次通常視為危險信號，應立即暫停藥物並通知醫師。血壓與意識雖然重要，但在評估嗎啡安全性時，優先順序低於呼吸狀況。
Morphine is an opioid analgesic, and its most serious side effect is respiratory depression. Although clients using PCA can self-control their dosage, the respiratory rate and depth must still be strictly monitored because morphine suppresses the respiratory center. A respiratory rate below 8-10 breaths per minute is generally considered a danger signal and requires immediate cessation of the medication and notification of the physician. Although blood pressure and level of consciousness are also important, they have a lower priority than respiratory status when assessing the safety of morphine.
美國 PCA 監測標準嚴格，常需包含呼氣末二氧化碳監測；台灣 PCA 多僅依賴呼吸次數監測。