— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人被開立靜脈注射萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。護理師應監測哪些症狀以預防「紅人症」？(多選)
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which symptoms should the nurse monitor for that indicate 'Red Man Syndrome'? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解面部和頸部潮紅
- CPruritus✓ 正解搔癢
- DBradycardia心搏過緩
- EGeneralized muscle rash全身性肌肉皮疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症（Red Man Syndrome）是萬古黴素輸注速度過快引發的類過敏反應，導致組織胺大量釋放。臨床表現為臉部、頸部及上半身潮紅、搔癢，同時伴隨低血壓。處理方式為暫停輸注並減慢後續滴速，嚴重時給予抗組織胺。
Red Man Syndrome is caused by rapid infusion leading to histamine release, resulting in flushing, pruritus, and hypotension. These symptoms typically affect the face, neck, and upper torso rather than presenting as bradycardia or generalized muscle rashes.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆強調輸注速度監控，但在台灣藥師對給藥速度的嚴格審核與護理師評估的協作較為緊密。